澳洲南澳论文代写:教育的性质
Keywords:澳洲南澳论文代写
教育、它的性质、目的、它的规定，以及最重要的是它的资助，都是文化和意识形态辩论的主要议题，即使在今天，这仍然是一个值得关注的中心问题。直到20世纪80年代，英国和新西兰的社会民主共识认为，教育是公共利益，因此是国家提供的必不可少的服务，对所有公民一视同仁，无需直接收费。例如，《新西兰宝藏》的作者认为教育不属于市场。它应该被视为一个“自然领域”和一个需要国家干预的公共物品（新西兰财政部，1987）。然而，20世纪80年代新的右翼论调挑战了这一学派，认为教育是一种商品，应该以最少的国家干预留给市场力量（格雷斯，1994）。Barr（1993），例如，认为教育不是公共利益因为它不表现三反射的公共产品的非竞争性、非排他性和非排斥（巴尔，1993）。这导致了高等教育融资的困境：国家如何资助高等教育？。本文从一个理论框架入手，着眼于人力资本理论来理解为什么教育是重要的，并简要讨论了高等教育融资的关键问题，以了解为什么成本分摊近年来成为一种流行现象。使用不同国家的例子，然后得出结论和简短的政策建议，讨论了国家融资的主要替代办法。
澳洲南澳论文代写:教育的性质
Education, its nature, purpose, its provision, and most importantly, its funding, are major topics of cultural and ideological debates which remain a central point of concern even today. Till the 1980s, the social democratic consensus, in England and New Zealand for example, considered education to be a public good, and therefore an indispensable service, provided by the state, to all citizens equally, without direct charge. The New Zealand Treasure writers', for example, argue that education doesn't belong to the marketplace. It should be considered a 'Natural Sphere' and a public good which needs state intervention (The New Zealand Treasury, 1987). However, New-Right arguments of the 1980s challenged this school of thought, asserting education is a commodity which should be left to the market forces with minimum state intervention (Grace, 1994). Barr (1993), for example, asserts education is not a public good since it does not exhibit the three reflections of public goods: non-rivalness, non-excludability and non-rejection (Barr, 1993). This lead to the dilemma of financing higher education: How should countries finance higher education. This essay begins with a theoretical framework, looking at the human capital theory to understand why education is important followed by a brief discussion on the key issues concerning financing higher education to understand why cost sharing has become a popular phenomenon over the years. Major alternatives to state financing are discussed using examples from different countries followed by a conclusion and a brief policy recommendation.
