澳洲邦德论文代写:矛盾的见解
Keywords:澳洲,邦德,论文,代写,矛盾,的,见解,为了,解释,
为了解释这些矛盾的见解如何消化不良的摇头丸可以影响人类的大脑,动物实验已经完成。Green等人(2003)认为摇头丸降低脑血清素在动物水平,以及损害的分支通过5-羟色胺神经元产生接触和连接到其他细胞。血清素的作用是调节情绪、情绪、睡眠和食欲。因此血清素是控制许多行为和生理功能的关键机制。5-羟色胺能神经传递的下降已经隐含在抑郁症的病因中发挥关键作用。突触的血清素的浓度是直接控制其再摄取进入突触前终端,因此,药物阻断血清素运输已被成功地用于治疗抑郁症。因此,狂喜的兴奋作用可以被假定为缓解悲伤和焦虑的–然而系统,服用这种药物的整体作用的5-羟色胺能系统有负面后果。因此,摇头丸不能被归类为一种安全的药物,在追求缓解抑郁症状。然而,这些结果已经发生在动物实验。因此,将这些效应转移到动物大脑中来推断人类大脑的变化是相同的。为了对抗这些差异,麦卡恩等人(1994)研究了摇头丸对人类大脑的长期损害。研究人员通过正电子发射断层扫描发现了一种与血清素受体结合的放射性化学物质,即摇头丸使用者对神经递质的受体较少。他们的结论是,“摇头丸是大脑5-羟色胺神经元的毒性。”
澳洲邦德论文代写:矛盾的见解
To explain these conflicting views of how the indigestion of Ecstasy can affect the human brain, experiments on animals have been performed. Green et al (2003) argue that MDMA decreases brain levels of serotonin in animals, and damages the branches through which serotonin-producing neurons reach out and connect to other cells. The role serotonin is known to adjust mood, emotion, sleep and appetite. Therefore serotonin is a key mechanism in the control of numerous behavioural and physiological functions. Decreased serotoninergic neurotransmission has been implied to play a key role in the cause of depression. The concentration of synaptic serotonin is controlled directly by its reuptake into the pre-synaptic terminal and, thus, drugs blocking serotonin transport have been successfully used for the treatment of depression. Therefore, the euphoria effects of Ecstasy can be assumed to relieve systems of sadness and anxiety – however, the overall effects of taking the drug have negative consequences for the serotoninergic system. Therefore, Ecstasy can not be classified as a safe drug to take in the pursuit of relieving depressive symptoms. However, these results have been occurred through experiments on animals. It is therefore difficult to transfer these effects in the animal brain to infer that changes in the human brains will be the same. To combat these discrepancies McCann et al (1994) have investigated the long term damage that taking Ecstasy can have on the human brain. Using a radioactive chemical that binds to serotonin receptors, the researchers have shown from positron emission tomography brain scans that Ecstasy users have fewer receptors for the neurotransmitter. They conclude that ‘MDMA is toxic to brain serotonin neurons.’
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